Thanks for sticking with me. And welcome to new reader/commentor Bilbo’s Nephew. I just finished The Everlasting Man, and I could feel Chesterton’s style seeping through, but I couldn’t get it out (and I admit, I find it so powerful I don’t really want to) – the first thought that occurred to me on reading your comment was, “My Chesterton is showing…” But on to Part Two.
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From the end of Part One:
The long and short of it is, Reason rightly has a place at the table; but it is does not sit there alone, nor is it itself the table. And when we sit down at the table with all the dishes and silverware, and no food, we starve for something more than the tangible.
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What does any of the prior have to do with scifi and fantasy? They are both attempts to fill this void of meaning and purpose, and highly analogous ones, too. That is, they are both concerned with the “whys” of human existence, which often emerge as a quest to find what it is to be human, whether travelling Middle Earth with hobbits, or galaxies with Asgard (I admit it; I love Stargate). They also are one of the few ways many feel able to address the existence beyond the rational (note: not against the rational; beyond it). They explore those things which, set in the world we know, would be quickly dismissed as irrational (and generally, both genres have been unfairly cast aside).
And so they create other worlds to explore the things they can sense in our own but otherwise cannot talk about because the prevailing mood of our times cannot stand it. Despite the claims of the rationalists, many, if not all, people have experiences that belie the absence of the supernatural, even if they have forgotten them or convinced themselves they were mistaken. I have known some who eschew all religion of every sort, and yet unquestioningly accept ideas such as ghosts and spirits, and take fate, destiny, luck and supersticions very seriously. And so, with these ideas treated very callously (as, no doubt, some, but not all, of these things should be), our imaginations latch onto other worlds. Scifi and fantasy become the safehaven where these ideas can be explored.
Scifi alters the rules of the world: “Well, in this universe, giant rings created by a technologically advanced race millenia ago create a wormhole through subspace, enabling the transfer of matter as an energy signal and its reintegration as matter at the other end.” (And if you understood that, you, too, have seen too much Stargate.) Those who explore the supernatural in our world are generally shelved off in the religion section with the other “irrationals.” And so, the science fiction writer must change the rules by changing the world it is set in, whether by writing about something that happened “a long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away,” or simply introducing some piece of technology that fundamentally alters our world so that the normal rules don’t exist, atleast not in the same way. In this way, writers loose the ties with which rationalism has unfairly bound their imagination.
Fantasy, on the other hand, generally leaves our world entirely in order to explore it more fully. It often focuses specifically on questions of meaning and purpose, the “why” questions which are otherwise left to dust. Fantasy skews in the exact opposite direction of scifi when it comes to technology. In scifi, things that cannot be explained or reproduced in the real world are the product of advanced technologies. In fantasy, however, the supernatural is always mystical, and often magical. Scifi hopes that progress will return to us a sense of “beyond” through technology. Fantasy, in contrast, strips away technology, eschewing it to get to the “meat” of our existence.
And therein lies the essential difference, which is greater than the Grand Canyon which separates the squirrels, ubiquitous in grade school science textbooks, which are the same species but look completely different. It is why these two genres are analogous and not homologous. That is, scifi still buys into the rationalistic viewpoint, particularly as regards the idea of progress. Progress is also an idea that deserves its own post, but for now it will suffice to say that technological advancement cannot by itself make the world a better place. Rationalism already squelches the imaginative impulse that is naturally receptive to the intangible. That isn’t going to change because someone shows up with a Taldis, or we can teleport across galaxies. In this sense, we can say that the essential difference is that fantasy knows that rationalism is not its friend, and scifi is still holding on to its misguided faith in it to make the world better. There hasn’t yet been a technology, nor will there ever be, that can rid the human heart of selfishness, or replace true generosity. If any progress is to be made in the human condition, it must come from being more human, not more technological.
And that is why fantasy generally trumps scifi. Scifi has a lot to offer, and is pretty cool and a lot of fun, but at its core it buys into a system (rationalism) that can never offer what it hopes for. A lot of people who don’t feel like they quite fit in feel a lot more at home in both these genres, and scifi does champion the underdog. But it can’t deliver on its promises. The original Star Trek envisioned a world with cellular phones. Well, we’ve got them, and it hasn’t made us any better. Progress and technology can’t make anyone a better person. People can use them to do good, but even the most humanitarian device only works because someone dreamed it, someone made it, and someone used it. Without each of those steps, it might as well be a pile of dirt.
The other trap of the rationalistic progress cult is that it assumes that humanity is on a linear path towards getting better, if only we can be better organised and equip ourselves better. In addition to being utterly (and ironically) illogical to anyone the slightest bit familiar with human nature, this tends to become very reductionist morally and socially. All of a sudden, people start deciding that issues have been decided (“we should be past that”) as if truth and conscience were majority opinions. And worse, anyone who disagrees with the progress ideal becomes some sort of bad guy, or worse, someone to be laughed at and pitied. Sadly, while scifi knows the sort of answers its looking for (the “becauses” for the “whys”), it’s still asking the same old question.
While, as in every genre, books vary greatly, fantasy generally offers an overall package. This comes because of two main differences. First, it has correctly identified the questions; and second, it has less certainty (if any) of the answers. I enjoy travelling through space as much as the next person, but travelling up Mount Doom, well, it’s harder, but it’s closer to my heart – who doesn’t have a Mt. Doom to climb? And this is really at the heart of the matter. Fantasy talks about the things that really matter to us, even if it doesn’t get them all right, and even if some fantasy books get none of them right. They’ve chosen to not be distracted by the glimmering mirage of a future we’ll “progress” to. And despite the high brow attitudes that it makes for low brow literature, fantasy works have proven they have something out worth paying attention to.
I doubt anyone truly understood just how huge a phenomenon The Lord of the Rings would be. We weren’t in a “best-seller list” era, and things like hobbits had no precedent anywhere. But a soul journey into a distant land, dark and unknown, to destroy a great evil that had been brought into the world by an ultimate bad guy? Ideas of heroism, self-sacrifice, something greater than oneself (and the progress “ideal”), and perseverence against overwhelming odds and one’s own sense of despair? We can point likewise to the Harry Potter phenomenon (for anyone convinced they are a gateway to the occult, I encourage you to read John Granger’s work, particularly his latest books, which uncover the Christian meanings and symbology in the series). In a more rationalistic world than the one into which Frodo was thrust, millions of people have found resonance in these stories of a boy wizard of singular determination and sacrificial love. They’ve found in them exactly what Tolkien meant once again – those elements of the true story they don’t even remember, but in their deepest hearts recognise as truth (cf. Mythopoeia).
Why did I title this part “Chicken Soup for the Rationalist Soul”? Because, when it comes down to it, the reason people like scifi and fantasy, even those that are badly written or have only the tiniest fragments of the One True Story, is because they are longing for God. They may not know it, and if they did they may not like it, but in our secularised, rationalistic world, Frodo and Sam, and even Harry Potter, may be the closest thing to catechism and faith a lot of people come across. I hope that God can use these things to bring people closer to him, and I know he must be. Each little bit of fantasy read chips away at the ideological hegemony of the rationalists, and hopefully a little more at the barriers we’ve put around our hearts that keep us from hearing God and fulfilling our deepest longings.
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Well, I finally finished it.. I really have to work out a blogging schedule, because I’m totally going to be tired going to work tomorrow, but I’m glad it’s done, so there’s that. I’d love to hear comments and thoughts – agreement with me not required!
-the Rosy Gardener